Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening Essay

Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening Kate Chopin created Edna Pontellier, but neither the character nor her creator was divorced from the world in which Chopin lived. As a means to understand the choices Chopin gave Edna, Margit Stange evaluates The Awakening in the context of the feminist ideology of the late nineteenth century. Specifically, she argues that Edna is seeking what Chopin’s contemporaries denoted self-ownership, a notion that pivoted on sexual choice and â€Å"voluntary motherhood† (276). Stange makes a series of meaningful connections between Kate Chopin’s dramatization of Edna Pontellier’s â€Å"awakening† and the historical context of feminist thought that Stange believes influenced the novel. For example, she equates Edna’s quest for financial independence with the late nineteenth century’s Married Women’s Property Acts, which sought to give married women greater control over their property and earnings. Ultimately, Stange believes, Edna’s awakening, her acquisition of self-determination, comes from identifying and re-distributing what she owns, which Stange argues is her body, much as contemporary feminist thinkers discussed what she calls women’s â€Å"sexual exchange value† (281). Additional references to reformers such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, as well as the legal standards of femme seule and femme couverte buttress Stange’s position that Edna’s experiences are a reflection of historical reality, even if some of the equations are a bit rough. Chopin, Stange notes, is careful to separate Edna the wife from Edna the woman – â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier† becomes â€Å"Edna† in the text, and then â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier† once more when her sense of self-ownership again seems lost. Chopin... ...alls a â€Å"moment of extreme maternal giving,† Stanton argued for women’s right to a public voice because â€Å"‘alone [woman] goes to the gates of death to give life to every man that is born into the world; no one can share her fears, no one can mitigate her pangs; and if her sorrow is greater than she can bear, alone she passes beyond the gates into the vast unknown’† (289). Chopin may have had a clearer grasp of the immense hold of the rhetoric of motherhood than Stange acknowledges. Edna at â€Å"the gates of death† may be a woman caught in an evolving conception of self-ownership, burdened by the sorrow of realizing that she can only really own what she no longer wants, because what she does want is yet beyond her grasp. Edna’s trap is indeed a historical reflection, a comment on the tumultuous, even violent, evolution of ideologies, expectations, choices, and realities.

Discourse Analysis Essay

Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, vocal, or sign language use or any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis — discourse, writing, conversation, communicative event, etc. — are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences, propositions, speech acts or turns-at-talk. Contrary to much of traditional linguistics, discourse analysts not only study language use ‘beyond the sentence boundary’, but also prefer to analyze ‘naturally occurring’ language use, and not invented examples. Text linguistics is related. The essential difference between discourse analysis and text linguistics is that it aims at revealing socio-psychological characteristics of a person/persons rather than text structure.[1] Discourse analysis has been taken up in a variety of social science disciplines, including linguistics, sociology, anthropology, social work, cognitive psychology, social psychology, international relations, human geography, communication studies, and translation studies, each of which is subject to its own assumptions, dimensions of analysis, and methodologies. Topics of interest Topics of discourse analysis include: * The various levels or dimensions of discourse, such as sounds (intonation, etc.), gestures, syntax, the lexicon, style, rhetoric, meanings, speech acts, moves, strategies, turnsand other aspects of interaction * Genres of discourse (various types of discourse in politics, the media, education, science, business, etc.) * The relations between discourse and the emergence of syntactic structure * The relations between text (discourse) and context * The relations between discourse and power * The relations between discourse and interaction * The relations between discourse and cognition and memory Discourse Analysis Deborah Tannen Discourse analysis is sometimes defined as the analysis of language ‘beyond the sentence’. This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of modern linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar: the study of smaller bits of language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology), parts of words (morphology), meaning (semantics), and the order of words in sentences (syntax). Discourse analysts study larger chunks of language as they flow together. Some discourse analysts consider the larger discourse context in order to understand how it affects the meaning of the sentence. For example, Charles Fillmore points out that two sentences taken together as a single discourse can have meanings different from each one taken separately. To illustrate, he asks you to imagine two independent signs at a swimming pool: â€Å"Please use the toilet, not the pool,† says one. The other announces, â€Å"Pool for members only.† If you regard each sign independently, they seem quite reasonable. But taking them together as a single discourse makes you go back and revise your interpretation of the first sentence after you’ve read the second. Discourse and Frames ‘Reframing’ is a way to talk about going back and re-interpreting the meaning of the first sentence. Frame analysis is a type of discourse analysis that asks, What activity are speakers engaged in when they say this? What do they think they are doing by talking in this way at this time? Consider how hard it is to make sense of what you are hearing or reading if you don’t know who’s talking or what the general topic is. When you read a newspaper, you need to know whether you are reading a news story, an editorial, or an advertisement in order to properly interpret the text you are reading. Years ago, when Orson Welles’ radio play â€Å"The War of the Worlds† was broadcast, some listeners who tuned in late panicked, thinking they were hearing the actual end of the world. They mistook the frame for news instead of drama. Turn-taking Conversation is an enterprise in which one person speaks, and another listens. Discourse analysts who study conversation note that speakers have systems for determining when one person’s turn is over and the next person’s turn begins. This exchange of turns or ‘floors’ is signaled by such linguistic means as intonation, pausing, and phrasing. Some people await a clear pause before beginning to speak, but others assume that ‘winding down’ is an invitation to someone else to take the floor. When speakers have different assumptions about how turn exchanges are signaled, they may inadvertently interrupt or feel interrupted. On the other hand, speakers also frequently take the floor even though they know the other speaker has not invited them to do so. Listenership too may be signaled in different ways. Some people expect frequent nodding as well as listener feedback such as ‘mhm’, ‘uhuh’, and ‘yeah’. Less of this than you expect can create the impression that someone is not listening; more than you expect can give the impression that you are being rushed along. For some, eye contact is expected nearly continually; for others, it should only be intermittent. The type of listener response you get can change how you speak: If someone seems uninterested or uncomprehending (whether or not they truly are), you may slow down, repeat, or overexplain, giving the impression you are ‘talking down.’ Frederick Erickson has shown that this can occur in conversations between black and white speakers, because of different habits with regard to showing listenership. Discourse Markers ‘Discourse markers’ is the term linguists give to the little words like ‘well’, ‘oh’, ‘but’, and ‘and’ that break our speech up into parts and show the relation between parts. ‘Oh’ prepares the hearer for a surprising or just-remembered item, and ‘but’ indicates that sentence to follow is in opposition to the one before. However, these markers don’t necessarily mean what the dictionary says they mean. Some people use ‘and’ just to start a new thought, and some people put ‘but’ at the end of their sentences, as a way of trailing off gently. Realizing that these words can function as discourse markers is important to prevent the frustration that can be experienced if you expect every word to have its dictionary meaning every time it’s used. Speech Acts Speech act analysis asks not what form the utterance takes but what it does. Saying â€Å"I now pronounce you man and wife† enacts a marriage. Studying speech acts such as complimenting allows discourse analysts to ask what counts as a compliment, who gives compliments to whom, and what other function they can serve. For example, linguists have observed that women are more likely both to give compliments and to get them. There are also cultural differences; in India, politeness requires that if someone compliments one of your possessions, you should offer to give the item as a gift, so complimenting can be a way of asking for things. An Indian woman who had just met her son’s American wife was shocked to hear her new daughter-in-law praise her beautiful saris. She commented, â€Å"What kind of girl did he marry? She wants everything!† By comparing how people in different cultures use language, discourse analysts hope to make a contribution to improving cross-cult ural understanding. How to do a discourse analysis The first point to note is that in order to do a discourse analysis you need to have read a handful yourself first. By reading published articles that use the method, you will have a better understanding of (1) how to do an analysis and (2) some of the theoretical orientations that you will need to know to do your own analysis. Having identified a theory and a chosen item (text or recorded conversation) to analyse, you need to transcribe it in one of the accepted/published ways. The transcript must always appear in the appendices. There are many different forms of discourse analysis, so here we will focus on thematic analysis as an example. What is thematic analysis? Thematic analysis is about trying to identify meaningful categories or themes in a body of data. By looking at the text, the researcher asks whether a number of recurring themes can be abstracted about what is being said. For example, on one level you might find an inconsistency, an attempt to assign blame, an attempt to cite others to support one’s views, a regular interruption of other people, an attempt to make one’s account of some event sound more authentic, and so on. On another level, you might idenitify a regulalry occurring attribution of blame or the repeated reference to some specific cause of an event. The reference might take slightly different forms but refers to the same cause. An example might be football fans blaming various aspects of a player’s motivation for the failure of their team (e.g., â€Å"he gets so much money, doesn’t need to try†, â€Å"he looked as though he wasn’t bothered†, â€Å"he didn’t want the ball†, and so on). In the results section of the report, the themes abstracted are collated and reported on. In doing so, it is usual to cite from the transcription examples of the points you are trying to make. A summary of the findings can be offered but also a critique of the author’s own interpretations – this refers to the concept of ‘reflexivity’, that the author’s is only one interpretation of the text.

Analysis Of The Penelopid Is A Novella By Margaret Atwood

Penelopid The Penelopid is a novella by Margaret Atwood, that tells the story of the Odyssey from Penelope’s perspective. Atwood incorporates many interesting elements in her work including, the women’s place in society, the fairness of justice, the double standard of the sexes at this time period, and a 21st century view on the Odyssey. Atwood uses different literary devices in her writing, such as the genres from the maids and the interesting perspective of writing from hades after death. Penelope’s view of the Odyssey, along with gender roles, reveal the patriarchal expectations though out the novel. In Atwood’s work there is justification to the unfairness, along with the roles women played in Penelope’s society. In the beginning of the Penelopid, Patriarchal social systems show where men have control over all aspects of women in their society. Reflecting back on the time period this is set in, Penelope’s marriage is being arranged by her father, King Icarius. It is told when the husband of a nobly born woman, he is expected to stay at the bride’s father’s palace to contribute his share of male offspring. In the beginning of the Penelopid the races to win Penelope’s hand in marriage, is quickly won by Odysseus, even with his known cheating. Rather than Odysseus staying with Penelope’s noble family he moves her back to Ithaca, where he becomes King. Shortly after they return to Ithaca, Penelope and Odysseus bare a son, named Telemachus. Before their marriage really

Animalistic Persuasion Orwells Animal Farm Essay

The story Animal Farm is one that creates a web of persuasion between its characters. Animal Farm is a satirical story where a boar on the farm, named major, calls the animals together for a meeting where he addresses the humans as vile and cruel. After the lead pig dies, two younger pigs take over and take over preparations for a rebellion. The pigs create the â€Å"seven commands of animalism† where â€Å"all animals are equal† (Orwell 33). In order to educate them, Snowball, one of the pigs in charge, tries to teach the animals how to read. Napoleon, the second pig in charge takes puppies away from their parents in order to teach them the ways of animalism. However, when the puppies are grown, they’re malicious and cruel to anyone who disagrees†¦show more content†¦As soon as he pins all mishaps on Snowball, he begins to slaughter the other animals and the song they sang in the beginning about â€Å"Beasts of England† is thrown out and a song all about Napoleon replaces it (Orwell 28). The song appears to be about animals becoming more like humans (Orwell 27). When the tragic killing spree is done, the animals wish that they had never overthrown the farm in the first place and wish they were still under Mr. Jones’s rule. When a neighbor, Mr. Frederick comes to the farm spraying powder to destroy their restored windmill, another war breaks out. After the battle was over, the animals came out as the victors. Even though the animals won however, many were injured, including a large horse named boxer. Boxer, even with his injury, continues to work until he collapses; Napoleon then sent him to the vet to get healed. As time goes by the commandments change and become â€Å"all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others† (Orwell 123). In the end, the pigs have become so alike to humans that the farm animals can’t distinguish them from animals or humans. The pigs required all of their pow er and standing from using different forms of â€Å"double speak† and manipulating the animals to give them everything they ever wanted. There are many forms of â€Å"double speak† where â€Å"language becomes the means by which we shape reality, and the means by

It Was Awful And Bitter When The Allies And The Central

It was awful and bitter when the Allies and the Central Powers clashed and unleashed their military power at the war front in World War I. World War I also known as the â€Å"war to all end wars, or the Great War occurred between June 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918. The war left over thirty-eight million civilians and militaries casualties. Much work was needed to get the European countries back together after the war. In the book Fear written by Gabriel Chevallier, the narrator shows the unforgettable memories a war can bring. The main character Jean Dartemont is supposed to be enthusiastic to go to war like many other young nineteen-year-old French men at the time. Nationalism is high in France and there are many military posters promoting†¦show more content†¦He takes a time throughout to book to look at his reason why he went off to war. The physical scars that Jean left with during the war were clearly seen in these accounts. Emotionally the soldiers went off to work feeling unbeatable with a strong nationalistic pride. However, they soon realized that all their emotions would not be able to conqueror the evils the war had to offer. One of the most horrific memories for Jean was when he spoke about the different type of corpse he saw while they were on their way to another town. They had crouched down on their knees under a pile of debris. When they got up they saw a decapitated head of a soldier who probably died days ago. Jean is shaken up by this horrific site by saying that when he looked at the man’s face he could fell like the man was blaming him for his death. He reminisces on all the horrific events emotionally that left him scarred, however, he goes on to say that this was the â€Å"most horrible impression† that he could take away from the war front. Jean later goes on to describe the agony and numerous positions where the corpse would lay. Personally, as the reader, I could really fell the suffering of the dying soldiers when Jean describes the â€Å"glass eyes and twisted mouths† of the dead bodies in the trench†. This evidence took a toll on Jean because he leaves the scene in disgust and without hope of a return home. Lastly, the warShow MoreRelatedChemical Warfare During The First World War1984 Words   |  8 PagesIt is from these experiences, on the bitter, mud drenched fields of Flanders, Eastern Europe, and elsewhere, that many technologies that shape the modern battlefield today, such as the air plane or the tank, were first put to use on a grand scale. It is here too, that another weapon was unleashed upon humanity for first time, but this one was deemed so sinister that the nations of the world near unanimously agreed to ban once the war ended. A weapon so awful that even today, nearly a century afterRead MoreThe Front De Liberation Du Quebec2477 Words   |  10 Pagesunderstanding, ultimately culminating in the publication and distribution of an FLQ manifesto, which brazenly stated, â€Å"We are the workers of Quà ©bec and we will continue to the bitter end. We want to replace the slave society with a free society, functioning by itself and for itself; a society open to the world† (Belanger, 2007). Trudeau was adept at realizing how impactful a persuasive outside influence could be on minority populations who felt left behind by a changing Canada. Being French himself, he openlyRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagesto pay for most medical bills. In 1996, t elve years after the disaster, Union Carbide became part of the Dow Chemical w Corporation, which flatly refused to assume any liabilities in India - or clean up the toxic poisons left behind saying that it was the responsibility of the Madhya Pradesh state government which had taken over the site. Today twenty five years since that fateful night, lakhs of people still living in the vicinity of the factory are exposed to toxic chemicals that continue to leachRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

Oedipus Rex Cosmic Trial Free Essays

Caitlin Lacy AP English Literature 11/12/12 Persuasive Essay Everything happens for a reason. You were born for a reason, there’s a reason you got an F on your math quiz. Everything happens for a reason. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex Cosmic Trial or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the time the reason for something bad happening might not be very clear to you, but it’s there. Everything that happens to you happens because it all leads up to your ultimate fate, you can’t change your fate because for one, you probably don’t know what it is, but if you happened to know, everything you do to prevent it will eventually lead up to it. Think back to why you got an F on your math quiz, you didn’t study at all. So, you get your quiz back and your teacher asks you to stay after class, after her lecture you walk out of class late and you bump into a guy, long story short, he’s your soul mate and fifteen years later you’re happily married. Imagine if you had studied. It was fate, you weren’t supposed to study. No one is to blame for Laius’s death, not even Oedipus, it was fate, and fate can’t be avoided. Before reading the play, we’re already aware of Oedipus’s story. We know what his ultimate fate is, so we know what that all of Oedipus’s actions led up to his ultimate fate. One of the first clues we are given is also one of the biggest clues proving that fate can’t be changed. King Laius didn’t kill Oedipus himself, he ordered the shepherd to do it for him. There was no way for Laius to know whether the shepherd would kill the infant or not because he wasn’t present. Naturally, the shepherd didn’t kill Oedipus because Oedipus was just an infant, and a person with a heart probably wouldn’t kill an infant just because, the shepherd then proceeded to give Oedipus to a messenger who then took the baby to Corinth where Oedipus was adopted by the king and queen. This leads to another clue, which is the fact that Oedipus was raised to believe that the king and queen of Corinth were his biological parents. Had he known they were his adoptive parents he most likely wouldn’t have gone to the oracle to Apollo at Delphi. The very fact that he went to see the oracle is just another example of fate prevailing. Once Oedipus learned his fate he left Corinth because he obviously didn’t want the prophecy to come true. Fate is the strongest theme in the story, another reason why fate is to blame for King Laius’s death. He had to be killed by his son no matter what; every single action in the play shows that. From the very beginning there was a way around this terrible fate, but Laius lost the chance when he ordered someone else to do his dirty work for him. Also, Oedipus was a baby at the time so he had no control over what was happening to him, and it would also be ridiculous for Oedipus to be blamed for his father’s death, because he was destined to fulfill this prophecy from before he was even born. If there was no prophecy, and Oedipus had killed his father, then he could be blamed, but there is too much evidence suggesting otherwise. From the way everything plays out you can see that fate is the cause of the whole ordeal. The minute Oedipus found out what he was destined for, he fled Corinth, because, as mentioned before, he believed that his adoptive parents were his biological parents. If you found out that you were destined for something as terrible was what Oedipus was destined for, you’d probably leave home too. No one who is sane wants to marry their mother and kill their father, Oedipus found out and tried to prevent this from happening, one might argue that his efforts to prevent his fate led to his fate, which is true, but he had no way of knowing that among the men he killed in the road that one of them was his father, and that the woman he married was his mother. â€Å"Now my curse on the murderer. Whoever he is, a lone man unknown in his crime or one among many, let that man drag out his life in agony, step by painful step-â€Å" Oedipus, 280-283. Although this quote is extremely ironic, it shows that Oedipus has no idea he killed his father, and also that he believes that the act was wrong, and that the murderer needs to be punished. We also know that Oedipus murdered his father and his father’s men at a triple crossroad, there were two other roads for Oedipus to follow after killing the men, but for some reason, fate, it happened to be the road that led to Thebes. Fate, once again. Oedipus, once again, had no way of knowing that he had chosen the path to Thebes, it was just supposed to be that way. At the time of Oedipus’s arrival in Thebes, there was a sphinx keeping people out of the city, anyone who guessed the sphinx’s riddle incorrectly was devoured. Also, Oedipus had already fulfilled half of the prophecy, which meant that he was going to answer the riddle correctly because he had to get to Thebes to be able to wed Jocasta. Because Oedipus saved Thebes, and because the king was mysteriously murdered, it was custom for Oedipus to marry the widowed queen, it had always been that way and there was no reason for Oedipus to reject her, he had no idea that he was about to marry and have kids with his mother. By this time, the prophecy was then fulfilled, and no one had any idea about it. The prophecy ended here. There wasn’t anything anyone could do anymore. Many years passed and Oedipus came to be one of the greatest kings Thebes had ever seen. Until the city of Thebes fell under a terrible plague, and everything Oedipus knew went downhill from there. When Oedipus was informed that finding Laius’s murderer would help bring happiness back to Thebes, he was set on it, because he was a good king. â€Å"OEDIPUS: From whom of these our townsmen, and what house? ?SHEPHERD: Forbear for God’s sake, master, ask no more. ?OEDIPUS: If I must question thee again, thou’rt lost. (1164-1167)† This exchange between Oedipus and the shepherd shows that Oedipus will stop at nothing to save his people and find the murderer. It wasn’t fate that led Oedipus to the truth, it was his own determination. He was completely blind to the truth, but when he figured out that all the clues pointed to him, he did something that most people wouldn’t do, he punished himself, he kept his word that Laius’s murderer would suffer, and Laius’s murderer did suffer indeed. He begged Creon to exile him; he gouged his own eyes out. Oedipus might be the one to blame for uncovering the truth, but he definitely isn’t the one to blame for killing Laius, it was set in stone for him, and there was no way around that. How to cite Oedipus Rex Cosmic Trial, Essay examples

Intentional Tort Essay Sample free essay sample

Intentional Tort is a purposeful act committed by a individual against another individual that consequences in injury. In this instance it is a nursing helper harming a patient. An illustration is a nurse put toxicant in the patient’s nutrient to bring down injury on them. The instance I found was about 16 twelvemonth old Rachelle Harris. On July 4th. 1988 Rachelle tried to perpetrate self-destruction and was checked into a psychiatric unit of Baptist Hospital. Rachelle was so raped by a nursing helper on July 16th. 1988. Dr. Isabelle L. Ochsner found no grounds of physical injury by a colza trial. Dr. Ochsner did reason Rachelle was hysterical and really emotional. they had to calm her. The constabulary offense lab performed an scrutiny on Rochelle’s apparels. her apparels came back positive with male sperm on them. Raymond Steward the nursing helper went into Rachelle’s room. she woke up with him touching her organic structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Intentional Tort Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She was shouting and was stating Raymond she was a virgin. Raymond didn’t halt until he finished. When Raymond eventually left she went into her bathroom which doesn’t have locks. to clean herself up and conceal from Raymond. After approximately 15 proceedingss Raymond came into the bathroom where he raped and attacked her once more. When he left for the 2nd clip she ran to the nurse’s station to utilize the phone. The nurse behind the counter said she would hold to wait until regular phone times. Very disquieted she went to her friend’s room. Rachelle confided in Rosanna Moore about Raymond raping and assailing her. When Rachelle left Rosanna’s room. Raymond went indoors and proceeded to demo Rosanna images of his married woman and childs. He was stating her he was a good cat and to delight quiet Rachelle down and no 1 state anyone what happened. Rosanna so asked him to travel acquire her a phone. which he set it right outside her room. Rosanna called her ma and told her everything. and so the ma called Rochelle’s ma and filled her in. Raymond disappeared from the edifice after dropping the phone off to Rosanna. Rochelle’s Mom met her girl at the infirmary while she was acquiring trials done. Raymond was fired on July 16th. 1988 for abandoning his occupation without notice. Rachelle’s joint tutrixes Ernestine and Leotha Samuels Filed a case against Baptist Hospital. the insurance company and Raymond Steward. They claimed emotional hurt from the colza. Rachelle’s male parent so filed a request of intercession. claiming loss of service and society. Raymond testified as guilty of simple colza in January 1989. The tribunal awarded Rachelle a amount of $ 450. 000. Baptist Hospital is saying that is excessively much money. because she already had issues prior to the colza. Some of her issues included her pa mistreating her from a immature age. She tried to perpetrate suicide twice before the colza and one time after the colza. She slit her wrists the first clip. the 2nd clip she overdosed on Tylenol and Motrin. The 3rd clip after the colza she took so much anti-depressant that she had to acquire her tummy pumped. She was so admitted to Charter House Hospital where she stayed until March 8th 1989. I merely don’t understand how people can make these sorts of Acts of the Apostless and unrecorded with themselves. That hapless miss is traveling to be damaged for the remainder of her life because some imbecile wanted to hold sex. There are many willing people out at that place to hold sex. why couldn’t he merely travel find one of them. I see her holding trust issues. authorization i ssues and perchance even sex issues. I am certain there will be a batch more. I have neer been in that state of affairs so I don’t truly cognize what goes through your caput after a traumatic event like that. The infirmary did province they got a background cheque done on Raymond Steward. The consequences came back good. He was neer in problem. neer arrested. Nothing coming up means he either has neer done this sort of thing and it was his first clip. or that he has neer been caught for making it. He was uprightly discharged from the Untied States Army. So the infirmary hired him. on paper he looks like a great cat. The lone ways this could hold been prevented is a more in deepness background cheque. Geting mentions from Raymond and naming them to see what his household. friends and coworkers have to state about him. Another option would be more staffing on each displacement ; two nurses should travel into a room together at all times. I think that would cut out a large portion. The other manner is merely allowing male staff go in to male patient’s suites. and female staff goes into female suites. Now I know this could still go on with the same gender. but I don’t believe it would go on every bit much as it does now. Another manner to travel about it if you don’t have adequate male employees or female employees is directing two in at the same clip a male and female. So because he did this on intent and to bring down hurting. harming the patient it is called knowing civil wrong. He knew precisely what he was making. Refrences Richards. E. P. . III. ( 1992. February 13 ) . The Samuels V Baptist Hospital Case. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //biotech. jurisprudence. lsu. edu/cases/la/medmal/samuels. htm